عود. مضرات و خواص عود برای سلامتی؛ آیا واقعا سوزاندن عود مفید است؟

The oud is most likely the combination of the Barbat, with the Ancient Greek , giving the Barbat a lower pitched tone and the playing of Maqams in Middle Eastern and	"The Structure of the Arabian and Persian Lute in the Middle Ages"
In the Turkish tradition, the "Bolahenk" tuning, is common, low pitch to high : C 2 F 2 B2 E3 A3 D4 on instruments with single string courses or C 2, F 2 F 2, B2 B2, E3 E3, A3 A3, D4 D4 on instruments with courses of two strings	In the first centuries of pre-Islamic Arabian civilisation, the oud had four courses one string per course — double-strings came later , tuned in successive fourths

Because of these efforts the Arabic Oud and the Barbat are now once again part of the Iranian musical landscape.

عود آنلاین: The New Grove: 521—546 534
OUD MILANO
مضرات و خواص عود برای سلامتی؛ آیا واقعا سوزاندن عود مفید است؟: Although the major entry of the short lute was in western Europe, leading to a variety of lute styles, the short lute entered Europe in the East as well; as early as the sixth century, the Bulgars brought the short-necked variety of the instrument called to the Balkans

	There exists also a variety of electro-acoustic and electric ouds
These instruments survive today in the form of the various Arabian tunbar	In 1940 contradicted or refined that idea, saying oud meant flexible stick, not wood

" He described the Gandhara lutes as having a "pear-shaped body tapering towards the short neck, a frontal stringholder, lateral pegs, and either four or five strings.

العود الازرق: Lute Society of America LSA
العود الازرق: In eastern Africa it is known as udi; in recent decades it has also appeared in Mauritania and Tajikistan
عود (ساز): -Apply to the center of the top and bottom lips for a sophisticated, light-reflecting effect to make lips appear fuller

-For a touch of shine, apply one layer over any lipstick as a top coat to bring more shine and reflection	The History of Musical Instruments

Modern tuning preserves the ancient succession of fourths, with adjunctions lowest or highest courses , which may be tuned differently following regional or personal preferences.

عود: One non-academic author stated his belief that oud means "from wood" and "stick" in Arabic
عود آنلاین: ; Curt Sachs, The History of Musical Instruments, New York 1940, p
العود الازرق: The site of origin of the oud seems to be Central Asia