| The Origins of the War of 1914, Volume I | : When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930 |
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| Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism |
Freely, John — Inside the Seraglio, published 1999, Chapter 15: On the Shores of the Bosphorus• 7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, 1911 , 3; Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire• Boundaries and Belonging: States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices.
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