ما ابرز المناطق التي فتحت في عصر الدوله الامويه. الدولة الأموية في الأندلس

, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization 12: The Jews in the Visigothic and Frankish Kingdoms of Spain and Gaul, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Society of America, 1937
Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A

Introduction to the History of Science.

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ما المصاعب الداخليه التي واجهت الدوله الامويه اجتماعيات ثاني متوسط
Salma Khadra Jayyusi and Manuela Marin 1994 , The Legacy of Muslim Spain, p
ما أبرز المناطق التي فتحت في عصر الدولة الأموية
Cameron, Ward; Perkins and Whitby
ما ابرز المناطق التي فتحت في عصر الدوله الامويه
de Las Cagigas, Isidore 1947—49
Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1994 The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads 97-111 [100]: "Ibn Firnas was a polymath: a physician, a rather bad poet, the first to make glass from stones quartz , a student of music, and inventor of some sort of metronome
The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710—797 Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1994 The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads

"Eilmer of Malmesbury, an Eleventh Century Aviator: A Case Study of Technological Innovation, Its Context and Tradition", Technology and Culture 2 2 , p.

ما أبرز المناطق التي فتحت في عصر الدولة الأموية
The Literature of Al-Andalus The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature
الدولة الأموية
The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797
فتوحات الدولة الاموية
New York: Cambridge University Press, 161