الالكترونيات الحديثة. أضرار الإلكترونيات

The differential amplifier stage of an op-amp is as shown below Generally the electrical behavior of the ceramic material can be divided into two classes related toitsstability
Thus the differential amplifiers amplify the difference between two voltages measured with respect to a common reference Film power capacitors are also called as Power film capacitors

Since Q1 and Q2 emitters are connected together, the emitter of Q2 also gets pulled up by the positive input at the non-inverting terminal.

إلكترونيات
The operational amplifier is called so because it has its origins in analog computers, and was mainly used to perform mathematical operations
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Dual input unbalanced output differential amplifier
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An ideal op-amp can amplify any frequency signal from DC to highest AC frequencies, thus it has an infinite frequency response
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are obtained in both the types of wet foil and dry solid Here the ceramic acts as its dielectric and metal acts as its electrodes
The polycarbonate capacitors are also used for AC applications The construction techniques and materials which are used for large power film capacitors are usually similar to those of the ordinary film capacitors

The high input impedance and gain of an op-amp allow straightforward calculation of element values, allows accurate implementation of any desired filter topology with little concern for the loading effects of stages in the filter or of subsequent stages.

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الالكترونيات الحديثة
The dielectric materials for these capacitors are existed in the form of a thin layer which is provided with metallic electrodes and it is wounded in to a cylindrical winding
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Some of the examples of plastic films which are used as dielectric for the film capacitors are Polypropylene, Polyethylene naphthalate, Polyester, Polyphenylene sulfideand Polytetrafluoroethylene
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The super- capacitor is also known as ultra-capacitor or electric double-layer capacitor